Linux

Driving Forces Behind Smarter Battery Use

In an era when remote work, video conferencing, and travel-heavy lifestyles are the norm, users expect laptops to last longer unplugged. Meanwhile, growing awareness of sustainability adds pressure to maximize energy efficiency. Recognizing this mantra, Linux developers have overhauled power-handling strategies, from the kernel core to user-space tools, to meet these expectations in 2025.

Core Kernel Enhancements: Harnessing Modern Power Tech

• Linux 6.8 introduced refined support for newer hardware, including better CPU/GPU idle-state transitions and energy-friendly firmware interfaces.

• Linux 6.15, released in May 2025, continues this trend by adding improved power-capping, more regulators, voltage handlers, and enhanced support for ARM, RISC-V, and Intel/AMD CPU power modules.

These enhancements enable finer-grained control over sleep states, clock gating, and dynamic walling-off of unused chip domains, all pivotal for squeezing extra runtime.

A new firmware controller (fwctl) infrastructure within 6.15 gives user-space tools secure communication channels with embedded controller features, making tasks like adjusting battery charge thresholds more accessible and scriptable.

Advanced CPU & GPU Power Strategies

Both intel_pstate and amd_pstate drivers continue evolving. Passive and conservative CPU governors now dynamically adapt based on workload profiles, delivering noticeable battery gains with minimal performance loss.

Graphics subsystems are smarter about sleep:

• Intel's Arc and DG2 families now feature improved idle ramp-down behaviors for better battery performance.

• For AMD users, the transition from generic AMDGPU RADEON_POWER_PROFILE settings to fwctl-control offers more granular DPM tuning on laptops, especially under battery constraints.

Deep Sleep States and ACPI Evolution

The adoption of ACPI 6.6 and expanded kernel support for S0ix and modern-sleep states allow laptops to hang out in ultra-low-power standby, extending idle time battery life. Suspend-to-disk and resume logic also got less noisy, reducing spur-of-the-moment wake-ups that were draining battery life for many users.

When Rust first made its way into the Linux kernel in late 2022 (mainline inclusion began with version 6.1), it didn’t merely introduce a new programming language, it marked a profound shift in how we ensure operating system resilience. This article dives into why that matters, how it’s being implemented, and what it could mean for Linux’s long-term robustness.

Tackling the C Legacy: A Fragility Problem

For over three decades, the Linux kernel has been maintained in C, a language that offers both raw control and notorious pitfalls. Manual memory juggling in C leads to high-risk bugs: buffer overflows, phantom pointers, heap corruption, and race conditions. In fact, memory safety issues account for around two-thirds of all kernel vulnerabilities.

Enter Rust: a systems language designed to eliminate whole classes of these errors through strict compile-time checks, without sacrificing low-level efficiency.

Rust’s Safety Toolkit: What Sets It Apart

Rust’s most powerful features for kernel reliability include:

• Ownership semantics & the borrow checker These enforce rules about who owns a piece of memory at compile-time, no dangling pointers, no double frees.

• No runtime garbage collector All abstractions compile down to efficient machine code, ensuring performance remains rock-solid.

• Race elimination for free Rust-language concurrency prevents data races statically, eliminating a whole breed of timing-related bugs.

Combined, these attributes strip away entire categories of vulnerabilities that plague C-based code.

A New Layer: The Rust-for-Linux Framework

The groundwork for Rust modules in Linux was laid with kernel 6.1, and by version 6.8, the first experimental Rust drivers, covering areas like network PHYs and panic QR logging, were accepted. These drivers coexist with traditional C components, forming a hybrid architecture where Rust is used for new drivers while C remains the backbone.

Crucially, this integration includes:

• A Rust bindings crate to interface safely with C internals.

• A kernel crate that wraps core kernel structures and APIs for Rust consumption.

This layering enables gradual Rust adoption, developed drivers, not wholesale rewrites.

Early Results: Fewer Bugs, More Confidence

Evidence is already showing promise:

• Memory safety vulnerabilities drop out as code gets written in Rust, tackling roughly two-thirds of past CVEs.

• Kernel maintainers are noticeably more comfortable merging Rust patches, citing the added rigor from the borrow checker.

A Paradigm Shift in Desktop Computing

The landscape of desktop operating systems has witnessed a notable transformation in 2025. Linux, once considered a niche player, has achieved a significant milestone by capturing 4.7% of the global desktop market share. This achievement underscores a growing trend of users seeking alternatives to traditional operating systems.

Tracing the Growth Trajectory

Linux's journey to its current standing has been marked by steady growth:

• July 2022: 2.76%

• July 2023: 3.12%

• July 2024: 4.44%

• June 2025: 4.7%

This upward trend reflects a combination of technological advancements and shifting user preferences.

Catalysts Behind the Surge

The gaming sector has played a pivotal role in Linux's rising popularity. Valve's Steam Deck, a handheld gaming device running on Linux-based SteamOS, has introduced a new audience to the capabilities of Linux. Additionally, compatibility layers like Proton have enhanced the gaming experience on Linux platforms.

Modern Linux distributions have significantly improved hardware compatibility, making installation and daily use more seamless for users across various devices.

The open-source nature of Linux offers a free alternative to proprietary operating systems, appealing to both individual users and organizations aiming to reduce software licensing costs.

Certain regions have exhibited higher adoption rates. In the United States, Linux's desktop market share reached 5.03% in June 2025. In India, the figure stood at 16.21% as of July 2024. These statistics highlight the global appeal and adaptability of Linux.

Addressing Ongoing Challenges

The diversity of Linux distributions, while offering flexibility, can lead to inconsistencies in user experience and software compatibility.

Despite progress, some proprietary applications and games remain inaccessible or require complex configurations on Linux systems.

Despite progress, some proprietary applications and games remain inaccessible or require complex configurations on Linux systems.

Released on March 24, 2025, Linux Kernel 6.14 introduces significant enhancements for Intel and AMD processors, focusing on performance, power efficiency, and hardware compatibility. These updates are particularly beneficial for users leveraging the latest CPU architectures and AI-driven workloads.

Intel CPU Enhancements

Linux 6.14 extends support to Intel's forthcoming Panther Lake CPUs, incorporating thermal driver support for improved power efficiency and enabling Ultra-High Bit Rate (UHBR) modes via DisplayPort on Thunderbolt's Alt-Mode. This advancement allows for 10G and 20G UHBR modes, enhancing display capabilities for devices equipped with Xe3 graphics.

Additionally, preparations for Intel's Clearwater Forest server processors are underway, with the inclusion of EDAC (Error Detection and Correction) driver support and readiness of the Turbostat tool for monitoring.

The kernel introduces Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) flushing scalability optimizations, reducing overhead during context switches and improving overall system performance. Enhancements to the x86 Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) also contribute to better virtualization support, benefiting environments that rely on virtual machines.

AMD CPU Enhancements

A notable addition in Linux 6.14 is the AMD XDNA driver, providing support for AMD's Neural Processing Units (NPUs) integrated into Ryzen AI processors. This driver facilitates AI workloads, such as machine learning applications, by enabling efficient execution of tasks like convolutional neural networks and large language models.

The AMD P-State driver receives updates, including dynamic ranking of preferred CPU cores and defaulting to the 'balance_performance' Energy Performance Policy (EPP) on Ryzen and EPYC processors. These changes aim to optimize power consumption without compromising performance.

Furthermore, encryption performance sees a 2-3% boost for AES-GCM and AES-XTS standards on Zen 4 and Zen 5 processors, enhancing data security operations.

Broader Implications

Beyond CPU-specific enhancements, Linux 6.14 introduces the NTSYNC driver, improving compatibility and performance for Windows games emulated via Wine and Proton. The kernel also expands support to accommodate up to 4,096 CPU cores, doubling the previous limit and catering to high-performance computing environments. Additionally, improvements in suspend/resume functionality enhance power management for various devices.

openSUSE Leap 16 marks a significant evolution in the openSUSE project, integrating the robustness of SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) with the dynamism of community contributions. This release aims to provide a stable, adaptable, and secure Linux distribution suitable for various environments, from enterprise servers to developer workstations.

Foundation: SUSE Linux Framework One (SLFO)

Leap 16 is built upon SUSE Linux Framework One (SLFO), formerly known as the Adaptable Linux Platform (ALP). This modular architecture allows for a more flexible and maintainable system, enabling users to tailor their installations to specific needs. By leveraging SLFO, Leap 16 inherits the enterprise-grade stability and support lifecycle of SLE 16, ensuring a reliable foundation for critical workloads.

Key Features and Enhancements

Leap 16 introduces the Agama installer, a web-based, modular installation tool that replaces the traditional YaST installer. Agama offers a cleaner user interface and supports features like remote installations and scripting for automated deployments, enhancing the installation experience for both new and experienced users.

Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is now enabled by default in Leap 16, aligning with SLE's security practices. This change provides a more robust security framework, offering fine-grained access controls and improved isolation. For users preferring alternative security modules, AppArmor remains available as an option.

Leap 16 adopts Wayland as the default display server, moving away from the legacy X11 system. Wayland offers improved performance, security, and support for modern graphics hardware. While X11 components are still available for compatibility, the shift to Wayland represents a step forward in graphical session management.

Users can enjoy the latest desktop environments with Leap 16, including GNOME 48 and KDE Plasma 6.3. These updates bring new features, performance improvements, and enhanced user experiences to the desktop.

With the deprecation of YaST in Leap 16, system management transitions to Cockpit and Myrlyn. Cockpit provides a web-based interface for managing system settings, services, and performance monitoring. Myrlyn serves as a new Qt-based front end for software management, offering a streamlined experience for package installation and updates.

Manjaro Linux has long been celebrated for blending the power of Arch Linux with user-friendly features. With the release of Manjaro 25.0 “Zetar”, the distribution takes significant strides in enhancing application management through Flatpak integration and optimizing the system for gaming enthusiasts. This update also brings advancements in desktop environments, file system choices, and hardware support.

Flatpak Integration: Streamlining Application Management

One of the standout features of Manjaro 25.0 is its enhanced support for Flatpak, a universal package management system. This integration allows users to install and manage applications in a sandboxed environment, improving security and ensuring that applications have access only to the resources they need. The inclusion of Flatpak support means users can easily access a vast repository of applications, including those not available in traditional repositories, directly through the Pamac package manager.

Gaming Enhancements: A Focus on Performance

Manjaro 25.0 places a significant emphasis on gaming, introducing several features aimed at improving performance and compatibility:

• Linux Kernel 6.12 LTS: The default kernel in this release offers improved hardware support, including better compatibility with newer GPUs and CPUs, which is crucial for gaming performance.

• Enhanced Graphics Support: Updates to graphics drivers, including the latest Mesa and NVIDIA drivers, ensure that gamers have access to the most recent improvements and bug fixes.

• Manjaro Summit Initiative: Although still in its alpha phase, the Manjaro Summit project introduces a semi-immutable version of the distribution, aiming for greater system stability and consistency—an essential factor for gaming systems.

Desktop Environment Updates: GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, and Xfce 4.20

Manjaro 25.0 offers updated versions of its three main desktop environments, each bringing unique enhancements:

• Notification Stacking: Improves organization by grouping notifications from the same application.

• Dynamic Triple Buffering: Enhances animation smoothness and reduces screen tearing.

• Battery Charge Limiting: Introduces an option to cap battery charging at 80%, prolonging battery lifespan.

• HDR Support: Initial support for High Dynamic Range displays, offering richer visuals.

• Improved Fractional Scaling: Provides sharper visuals on high-DPI displays.

Introduction: A New Chapter for Ubuntu

Ubuntu 25.10, affectionately codenamed Questing Quokka, represents more than just the latest iteration of Canonical’s flagship Linux distribution. It marks a decisive step towards modernizing the foundation of Ubuntu by integrating Rust, a systems programming language renowned for its safety, performance, and modern design. This bold move signals Canonical’s commitment to security, reliability, and future-proofing its desktop and server operating systems.

The release of Questing Quokka aligns with a growing trend across the Linux ecosystem: embracing Rust as a key technology for building low-level components. But what does this mean for Ubuntu users and developers? Let’s explore the significance of this change, what tools are being rewritten or introduced in Rust, and how this positions Ubuntu for the future.

Why Rust? The Language of Safety and Speed

For decades, core components of Linux distributions—including Ubuntu—have been written predominantly in C. While C offers unmatched control and performance, it also exposes developers to a range of memory-related errors: buffer overflows, use-after-free bugs, and data races, to name a few. These flaws are among the leading causes of vulnerabilities that compromise system security.

Rust was designed specifically to address these issues. It offers:

• Memory safety without garbage collection: Rust’s ownership model and borrow checker ensure that memory errors are caught at compile time.

• Fearless concurrency: Developers can write multithreaded code that’s safe by default.

• Modern tooling and ecosystem: A robust package manager (Cargo), modern build tooling, and vibrant community support.

Ubuntu is not alone in recognizing Rust’s advantages. The Linux kernel itself has started to accept Rust code, with drivers and modules being prototyped in Rust to enhance safety. Projects like GNOME, System76’s COSMIC desktop, and various networking utilities have already begun leveraging Rust.

By adopting Rust-based tools, Canonical is aligning Ubuntu with this broader movement—ushering in a future where critical system software is both fast and secure.

In today's digital landscape, where privacy, customization, and performance are paramount, many Windows users are exploring alternatives. Linux, long regarded as a powerful yet complex option, has matured into a user-friendly ecosystem. However, the switch from Windows to Linux can still seem daunting. That's where Zorin OS comes into play—a Linux distribution meticulously designed to simplify this migration and empower users to take control of their computing experience.

The Windows-to-Linux Migration Challenge

For decades, Windows has been the default operating system for millions. Familiarity with its interface, applications, and workflow creates a comfort zone that's hard to leave. However, concerns about:

• Privacy and data collection

• System bloat

• Forced updates

• Licensing costs

have pushed users to consider alternatives like Linux.

The challenge? Linux can feel alien. Terminology, desktop environments, file systems, and software management differ significantly from Windows. Many distributions, while powerful, don't prioritize a gentle learning curve for Windows converts. This is precisely the problem Zorin OS aims to solve.

What Sets Zorin OS Apart?

Founded in 2008 by the Zorin brothers, Zorin OS was created with one mission: to make Linux accessible to everyone, especially Windows refugees. Unlike general-purpose distributions, Zorin OS focuses on:

• Familiarity: Replicating the feel of Windows

• Ease of use: Minimizing reliance on the terminal

• Polish: Delivering a cohesive, attractive, and stable experience

Zorin OS 17.3, the latest stable release as of June 2025, represents the most refined iteration of this vision yet.

Zorin OS 17.3 Features That Simplify Migration

Zorin OS 17.3 ships with a default layout that feels instantly familiar to Windows 10 and 11 users. From the bottom taskbar to the start-menu-style launcher, even the system tray icons and window controls mimic what Windows users expect.

The result?

• Users spend less time figuring out "where things are."

• The psychological barrier of switching is dramatically lowered.

Want your system to look more like macOS? Or classic Windows 7? Zorin OS 17.3's Appearance app lets you change the entire desktop layout and theme with a single click. No tinkering with config files, no additional extensions—just straightforward personalization.

This tool:

• Helps users ease into Linux at their own pace

In the world of Linux distributions, many projects aim to strike a balance between functionality, aesthetics, and security. Few, however, have achieved the level of polish and principled focus that Elementary OS brings to the table. With the release of Elementary OS 8, the developers have doubled down on their vision of an operating system that champions privacy and design simplicity without compromising usability. This article takes a look at how Elementary OS 8 prioritizes these values and why it deserves attention from privacy advocates and design enthusiasts alike.

A Fresh Take on Privacy: Built into the Core

Privacy isn’t just a feature in Elementary OS 8 — it’s a foundational principle. The developers have carefully considered how user data is handled at every level of the system.

Unlike many popular app stores that may include proprietary apps with invasive tracking, the AppCenter in Elementary OS 8 focuses on open-source, privacy-friendly applications. Every app available through AppCenter undergoes a review process to ensure it adheres to the platform’s guidelines: no ads, no tracking, and no questionable data collection practices.

What sets AppCenter apart is its pay-what-you-want model, which allows users to support developers directly, eliminating the need for ad-supported or data-harvesting monetization schemes.

Elementary OS 8 ships with first-class Flatpak support, enabling apps to run in isolated sandboxes. This technology ensures that applications can only access the data and hardware resources explicitly granted by the user. For example, a note-taking app installed via Flatpak won’t have access to your microphone, camera, or sensitive directories unless you allow it.

The adoption of Flatpak aligns perfectly with Elementary’s privacy goals, as it provides clear boundaries between apps and the rest of the system.

Elementary OS 8 does not include any hidden telemetry or automatic data collection. Unlike some mainstream operating systems that quietly transmit usage statistics, crash reports, and device identifiers back to central servers, Elementary’s philosophy is that your data belongs to you.

When feedback is requested, such as through the optional Problem Reporting tool, users are clearly informed about what data will be sent and must opt in consciously.